A case of cow disease can be found in an inscription from 175 BCE. The inscription is engraved on an altar in Etruscan form and commemorates the refurbishing of the altar by Aulus Postumius Albinus Luscus. The duumvir Postumius dedicates the altar to a lesser-known god called Verminus to stop a devastating cattle disease.

The altar is part of the Museo Nuovo Capitolino, although currently not on display. Here is an image from Arachne:

The inscription reads:

(The derogatory second cognomen “Luscus”, alluding to his missing eye, is absent.)